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The resumption of fighting between the army and the FDS highlights the volatility.
As the year draws to a close, an agreement between the Syrian government and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces is expected to come into force.
Instead, fighting broke out between the two sides in the northern city of Aleppo.
They then agreed to end the fighting, while blaming each other for the violence.
This agreement was supposed to lead to the integration of the SDF into the army, but it remains unclear how this should be implemented.
This renewed tension comes as Damascus faces other threats, ranging from ISIL (ISIS) to recurring conflicts with the Druze community and continued attacks from Israel.
So, what does this complex security situation mean for Syria, one year after the fall of Bashar al-Assad?
Presenter: Feel Abuhaida
Guests
Menstruation – Researcher at Chatham House
Steven Heydemann – Professor and Director of the Middle East Studies Program at Smith College
Omer Ozkizilcik – Non-resident researcher for the Syria project within the Middle East program of the Atlantic Council
Published on December 23, 2025